Corrosion inhibiting additive

ABSTRACT

A corrosion resistant article including an aluminum substrate and a corrosion-inhibiting cerium based corrosion inhibitor corrosion inhibiting additive on the aluminum substrate, the corrosion inhibiting additive comprising an anodic corrosion inhibitor and a cathodic corrosion inhibitor, the anodic corrosion inhibitor greater than 25 wt % of the total inhibitor.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/174,098, filed Jun. 6, 2016, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 10,023,963.

BACKGROUND

The present disclosure relates to corrosion inhibitors and, moreparticularly, to a corrosion inhibitor that is effective for use onmetal substrates.

Components made from metallic alloys, such as aluminum alloys, achievehigher strengths through inclusion of alloying elements. However, thepresence of these alloying elements tends to make the alloy vulnerableto corrosion. Typically, the component utilizes a protective coatingcontaining a corrosion-inhibitor to protect the underlying alloy fromcorrosion.

One type of corrosion-inhibitor includes hexavalent chromium in the formof a barium or strontium chromate compound, for example. Althougheffective, hexavalent chromium is considered a carcinogen and istherefore undesirable for use as a coating. Chrome-freecorrosion-inhibitors have been used as an alternative to hexavalentchromium inhibitors. For example, chrome-free corrosion inhibitorsutilize anodic and cathodic corrosion inhibitors to resist corrosion ofthe underlying alloy. One drawback of existing chrome-free corrosioninhibitors is that they may not provide equal corrosion protection forall alloy compositions. Although effective in providing corrosionprotection, an even greater degree of corrosion protection is alwaysdesired.

SUMMARY

A corrosion resistant article according to one disclosed non-limitingembodiment of the present disclosure can include an aluminum alloysubstrate; and a cerium based corrosion inhibitor corrosion inhibitingadditive on the aluminum alloy substrate, the corrosion inhibitingadditive comprising an anodic corrosion inhibitor and a cathodiccorrosion inhibitor, the anodic corrosion inhibitor greater than about25 wt % of the total corrosion inhibiting additive.

A further embodiment of the present disclosure may include, wherein theanodic corrosion inhibitor is at least 25% ZnMoO₄.

A further embodiment of the present disclosure may include, wherein theanodic corrosion inhibitor is at least 50% ZnMoO₄.

A further embodiment of the present disclosure may include, wherein theanodic corrosion inhibitor is at least 75% ZnMoO₄.

A further embodiment of the present disclosure may include, wherein theanodic corrosion inhibitor is at least 99% ZnMoO₄.

A further embodiment of the present disclosure may include, wherein thecathodic corrosion inhibitor includes a Ce-Citrate.

A method of selecting a corrosion-inhibiting substance, according to onedisclosed non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure can includeselecting a corrosion-inhibiting cerium based corrosion inhibitorsubstance based upon a solubility range.

A further embodiment of the present disclosure may include, wherein thesolubility range is 0.01 mM to 20 mM.

A further embodiment of the present disclosure may include, wherein thecorrosion-inhibiting Cerium based corrosion inhibitor substance includesan anodic corrosion inhibitor containing at least 25% ZnMoO₄.

A further embodiment of the present disclosure may include, wherein thecorrosion-inhibiting Cerium based corrosion inhibitor substance includesa cathodic corrosion inhibitor with a Ce-Citrate.

A further embodiment of the present disclosure may include, wherein thecorrosion-inhibiting Cerium based corrosion inhibitor substance includesa cathodic corrosion inhibitor with a Ce-Tartrate, or a Ce-Acetate.

A further embodiment of the present disclosure may include, wherein thecorrosion-inhibiting Cerium based corrosion inhibitor substance includesactive sodium ions concentration lower than 1% in the corrosioninhibitor dry powder.

A further embodiment of the present disclosure may include, wherein thecorrosion-inhibiting Cerium based corrosion inhibitor substance includesanodic and cathodic corrosion inhibitors synthesized separately aspowders of a similar particle size range so that the powders can bemixed homogeneously.

A corrosion-inhibiting substance according to one disclosed non-limitingembodiment of the present disclosure can include a carrier fluid; acathodic corrosion inhibitor within the carrier fluid; and an anodiccorrosion inhibitor within the carrier fluid, the anodic corrosioninhibitor and a cathodic corrosion inhibitor, the anodic corrosioninhibitor greater than about 25 wt % of the total corrosion inhibitor.

A further embodiment of the present disclosure may include, wherein thecarrier fluid comprises at least one of water, alcohol, primer, paint,adhesive, a coolant, or sealant.

The foregoing features and elements may be combined in variouscombinations without exclusivity, unless expressly indicated otherwise.These features and elements as well as the operation thereof will becomemore apparent in light of the following description and the accompanyingdrawings. It should be appreciated; however, the following descriptionand drawings are intended to be exemplary in nature and non-limiting.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various features will become apparent to those skilled in the art fromthe following detailed description of the disclosed non-limitingembodiments. The drawings that accompany the detailed description can bebriefly described as follows:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an example component;

FIG. 2 is an example corrosion-inhibiting substance for forming aprotective coating;

FIG. 3 is a chart illustrating that anodic corrosion inhibitors fromdifferent source have different fundamental physical properties such assolubility and solution pH;

FIG. 4 is a chart illustrating that corrosion inhibitors from differentsource have different levels of active impurity ions;

FIG. 5 is a chart illustrating that different cathodic corrosioninhibitor when compounding with the same anodic corrosion inhibitor hasdifferent performance. (Lower corrosion current indicates betterperformance); and

FIG. 6 is a chart illustrating that different anodic corrosion inhibitorwhen compounding with the same cathodic corrosion inhibitor, theperformance is improved at certain composition range (>25%).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

With reference to FIG. 1, selected portions of an example corrosionresistant article 10, such as an aerospace component, or other type ofarticle is schematically illustrated. In this example, the corrosionresistant article includes a substrate 12 and a corrosion inhibitingadditive 14 on the substrate 12. The corrosion inhibiting additive 14resists corrosion of the underlying substrate 12. Although a particularstructure of the corrosion inhibiting additive 14 and substrate 12 isshown in the disclosed examples, it is to be appreciated that thedisclosed configuration is not limited to the example shown and mayinclude additional layers or coatings.

In the illustrated example, the corrosion inhibiting additive 14includes an anodic corrosion inhibitor 16 and a cathodic corrosioninhibitor 18 that protects the underlying substrate 12 againstcorrosion. For example, the anodic corrosion inhibitor suppresses metaloxidation reactions, and the cathodic corrosion inhibitor 18 suppressesreduction reactions.

The non-carcinogenic corrosion-inhibiting additive comprises, incombination, an anodic corrosion inhibitor and a cathodic corrosioninhibitor. By anodic corrosion inhibitor is meant suppression of metaloxidation reactions. By cathodic corrosion inhibitor is meantsuppression of reduction reactions. In order to be effective, both theanodic and cathodic corrosion inhibitors should be “strong” corrosioninhibitors. By strong anodic corrosion inhibitor is meant a compoundthat is soluble in alkaline media, while precipitating as a reduced,insoluble oxide under neutral and acidic reducing conditions that,exists as an insoluble oxide below −600 mv vs Ag/AgCl at pH 7, and below−300 mv vs Ag/AgCl at pH 2. By a strong cathodic corrosion inhibitor ismeant a compound that is soluble in acidic media, while undergoing avalance change to precipite as an insoluble oxide under neutral andalkaline and moderately oxidizing conditions, that is, existing as aninsoluble oxide above −300 mv vs Ag/AgCl at pH 7, and above −900 mv vsAg/AgCl at pH 12.

The corrosion inhibiting additive requires both an anodic corrosioninhibitor and a cathodic corrosion inhibitor in order to be effectiveagainst general corrosion and pitting corrosion. General corrosion meansuniform dissolution of base metal. By pitting corrosion is meantlocalized corrosion of metal resulting in the formation of corrosionpits. The anodic corrosion inhibitor is effective against generalcorrosion while the cathodic corrosion inhibitor is particularlyeffective against pitting corrosion.

Suitable cathodic corrosion inhibitors for use in the inhibitingadditive of the present invention include rare earth metal compounds,particularly metal salts of the elements of Group IIIB of the PeriodicTable (the CAS version). All of the foregoing elements have cathodiccorrosion inhibiting characteristics; however, it has been found thatcerium, neodymium and praseodymium are “strong” cathodic corrosioninhibitors as defined above and are therefore preferred Group IIIBelements. Particularly preferred cathodic corrosion inhibitors arecompounds of cerium and, most preferred are cerous compounds. The 3+valence state Cerium (III) Citrate is one preferred cathodic inhibitor.Suitable anodic corrosion inhibitors for use in the inhibiting additiveof the present invention include transition element metal salts,preferably of elements from Groups VB and VIB and VIIB of the PeriodicTable, with the exception of hexavalent chromium, and more particularlyinclude compounds of vanadium, molybdenum, manganese, and tungsten andmore particularly molybdate compounds.

A metal complexing agent is used in combination with the above describedanodic and cathodic corrosion inhibitors. The metal complexing agent ispreferably a water soluble organic acid salt and/or a water solubleinorganic acid salt. Particularly useful metal complexing agents areselected from the group consisting of citrate, gluconate, polyphosphate,tartrate, acetate, oxalate, β-diketonates, α-hydroxy acids, D-fructose,L-sorbose and mixtures. The metal complexing agent should be present inan amount of between 0.1 to 1.0, preferably between 0.3 to 0.7 withrespect to the mole fraction of the combined anodic and cathodiccorrosion inhibitor.

Preferred additives that are non-carcinogenic, effect against corrosionand exhibit sufficiently effective solubility include, for example,cerium citrate; cerium acetate; cerium tartrate; cerous citrate; zincmolybdate; zinc oxide; cerium citrate with zinc molybdate; ceriumcitrate with zinc molybdate and zinc oxide; cerous citrate with zincmolybdate; cerous citrate with zinc molybdate and zinc oxide; ceriumcitrate with molybdenum oxide and strontium tungstate, and mixturesthereof.

The corrosion inhibiting additive may be added as an inhibitive pigmentin adhesives, paints and primers, organic sealants, epoxies, coolingfluids, lubricants, and the like (hereafter referred to as a carrierfluid). These products may be applied to the substrate that is beingprotected by any suitable manner such as spraying, brushing, dipping, orthe like. In addition, the corrosion inhibiting additive, whosesolubility is increased by the metal complexing agent, is dissolved in acarrier such as alcohol, water or the like and formed on the surface ofa substrate as a conversion coating. In either case, that is, as anadditive to adhesive, paints and primers, epoxies and the like, or as anadditive to a solution for conversion coating or cooling fluids orlubricants, the corrosion inhibiting additive is provided in a solutioncomprising a carrier and the corrosion inhibiting additive. In the firstcase described above with regard to paints and primers, etc., thecarrier may be at least an organic binder.

When the corrosion inhibiting additive is to be applied by conversioncoating or cooling fluid or lubricant, the carrier may simply be, forexample, water, or alcohol, or an organic fluid. Solutions forconversion coatings and compounds used as adhesives, paints and primers,and epoxies and their preparation are well-known in the art as evidencedby the above-referenced patents referred to in the background of theinvention which are incorporated herein by reference.

When the corrosion inhibiting additive is used as an additive tosolutions such as adhesives, paints and primers, sealants, epoxies andthe like (herein referred to as carriers), it is preferred that theminimum amount of anodic corrosion inhibitor plus cathodic corrosioninhibitor is at least 1% PVC (pigment volume concentration) and themetal complexing agent is present in at least 0.1 mole fraction ofcombined inhibitor. It is preferred that molar solubility in water ofthe anodic corrosion inhibitor and the cathodic corrosion inhibitor liebetween 0.01 mM and 20 mM. The term “about” as used in this descriptionrelative to numerical values such as compositions refers to possiblevariation in the value, such as normally accepted variations ortolerances in the art.

When the corrosion inhibiting additive is dissolved in solution with acarrier, such as alcohol, or water, or an organic fluid, and applied toa substrate as a conversion coating, it is preferred that the additivebe present in an amount of between about 1 to 1,000 mg/ft² and whereinthe minimum amount of combined anodic corrosion inhibitor and cathodiccorrosion inhibitor is at least 0.5 mg/ft² and the metal complexingagent is present in an amount of at least 0.1 mole fraction of combinedinhibitors. The concentration of the anodic corrosion inhibitor andcathodic corrosion inhibitor in the carrier should be between 0.001 and100 grams/liter, preferably between 0.002 and 10 grams/liter and themetal complexing agent between 0.0005 to 50 grams/liter, preferably0.001 to 5 grams/liter. When the corrosion inhibiting additive isdissolved with a carrier for use in water circulation systems such asboiler feed systems, radiator fluid systems, and the like, theconcentration of the anodic corrosion inhibitor and the cathodiccorrosion inhibitor in the carrier should be between 1 ppm and 100,000ppm, preferably between 2 ppm and 10,000 ppm while the metal complexingagent is present in an amount of 0.5 to 50,000 ppm, preferably 1 to5,000 ppm.

The corrosion inhibiting additive is particularly useful in preventinggeneral corrosion and pitting corrosion on metal substrates,particularly, high strength aluminum alloys for use in the aerospaceindustry. The additive may be applied in any manner known in the artincluding as a conversion coating, or applied as a primer, adhesive,epoxy, paint, organic sealant, sealer for anodized aluminum, additivefor recirculating water system or the like. Obviously the use of thecorrosion inhibiting additive of the present invention extends to otherfields outside of aerospace and includes automotive, architectural,packaging, electronics, HVAC and marine.

In one example, the anodic corrosion inhibitor includes at least one ofa vanadate compound, a permanganate compound, a tungstate compound, or amolybdate compound. In a further example, the anodic corrosion inhibitoris zinc molybdate and zinc oxide. In a yet further example, the anodiccorrosion inhibitor is zinc molybdate. The cathodic corrosion inhibitorincludes at least one element selected from the Group IIIB PeriodicTable elements. In a further example, the cathodic corrosion inhibitorincludes cerium. For example, the cerium is in the form of ceriumcitrate or cerous citrate. In yet a further example, the anodiccorrosion inhibitor 16 includes only zinc molybdate, and the cathodiccorrosion inhibitor includes only the cerium citrate or cerous citrate,which may ensure that other elements of unknown reactivity are notpresent within the corrosion inhibiting additive 14.

The corrosion inhibiting additive 14 may be used in any of a variety ofdifferent forms. For example, the anodic corrosion inhibitor 16 and thecathodic corrosion inhibitor 18 may be used as an additive or pigment inadhesives, paints, primers, sealants, cooling fluid, or the like. Inanother example, the anodic corrosion inhibitor 16 and the cathodiccorrosion inhibitor 18 are used as an additive in a conversion coatingprocess for forming the corrosion inhibiting additive 14. In oneexample, the anodic corrosion inhibitor 16 and the cathodic corrosioninhibitor 18 comprise about 1 to 50% PVC (pigment volume concentration)of the corrosion inhibiting additive 14 with the remaining amount amatrix surrounding the corrosion inhibitors 16 and 18.

With reference to FIG. 2, the corrosion inhibiting additive 14 may beformed from a corrosion inhibiting substance 30 that is added to aprimer, paint, adhesive, sealant, conversion coating, cooling fluid, orused as a directly applied corrosion inhibitor. The corrosion inhibitingsubstance 30 includes a carrier fluid 32, a cathodic corrosion inhibitor34 within the carrier fluid 32, and an anodic corrosion inhibitor 36within the carrier fluid. Depending upon the composition of the carrierfluid 32, the corrosion inhibitors 34 and 36 may exist as solidparticles within the carrier fluid 32 or as dissolved substances withinthe carrier fluid 32.

In one example, the anodic corrosion inhibitor 36 is a corrosioninhibitor that is suitable for avoiding reaction with zinc when exposedto an aluminum alloy containing zinc. For example, the zinc-inert anodiccorrosion inhibitor 36 includes a vanadate, or permanganate, ormolybdate compound. In a further example, the compound is zincmolybdate. In yet a further example, the compound is zinc molybdate andzinc oxide. The cathodic corrosion inhibitor 34 includes at least oneelement selected from the Group IIIB Periodic Table elements. In afurther example, the cathodic corrosion inhibitor 34 includes cerium.For example, the cerium is in the form of cerium citrate. In a furtherexample, the cerium is in the form of cerous citrate.

The amounts of the cathodic corrosion inhibitor 34 and the zinc-inertanodic corrosion inhibitor 36 within the carrier fluid 32 depend uponthe desired composition of the corrosion inhibiting additive 14. In oneexample, the concentration of each of the corrosion inhibitors 34 and 36within the carrier fluid is about 0.001 to 100 grams per liter of thecarrier fluid 32.

The cathodic and anodic corrosion inhibiting ions' concentrationsfacilitate effective corrosion protection. For the cathodic corrosionprotection, rare earth corrosion inhibitors based on Cerium, Yttrium,Lanthanum, or Praseodymium shall be effective if the ions concentrationis within an effective range.

As an exhibition, for cerium based corrosion inhibitor to be mosteffective when loaded in a bond primer or paint primer, the corrosioninhibitor has a solubility range of 0.01 mM to 20 mM so that effectiveamount of cerous ions (Ce³+) can be released from the carrier for activecorrosion protection when applied on aluminum alloys. The solubilityrelates to source selection, synthesis process control, and pHadjustment etc. When the corrosion inhibitor is loaded in the bondprimer or paint primer, effective cerrous ions will leach out for activecorrosion protection with a long lifetime.

Cerous ion is effective for corrosion inhibition, yet, highconcentration thereof may decrease its cathodic corrosion protectionfunction as such concentrations may result in consumption of thecorrosion inhibitor that results in a relatively short lifetime. Cerousbased components thus shall not have a solubility higher than theeffective range. Examples of cerous based compounds can be formed fromorganic salts such as, for example, citrates, acetates, malonates,tartrates etc.

For the anodic corrosion protection, corrosion inhibitors such asmolybdates, vanadates, tungstates, and permanganates are effective. Thesolubility of the anodic corrosion inhibitors are limited so that theprimers provide a relatively long lifetime without too high a corrosioninhibitor loading. The concentration of anodic corrosion inhibiting ionsis higher than that of cathodic corrosion inhibitors for the effectivecorrosion inhibiting performance. As an example, corrosion protectionproperties may max out when MoO₄ ²⁻ ion concentration reaches a certainlevel, i.e., the relatively higher concentration of MoO₄ ²⁻ ion does notdecrease the corrosion protection property.

The effective amounts of corrosion inhibiting ions reach the substratesurface to passivate the surface from anodic and cathodic reaction. Incommercially available corrosion inhibitor system, the anodic corrosionprotection is realized through the effective leach of the active ions(MoO₄ ²⁻) from the primer, whereas the cathodic corrosion protection isrealized through the effective leach of the active ions (Ce³⁺) from theprimer. From mechanistic studies, molybdates elevate the pittingpotential and thus operate on the anodic reaction. Anodic inhibitorssuppress the anode (metal oxidation) reaction. Cathodic inhibitorssuppress reduction reactions that couple with the anodic oxidationreaction.

The anodic and cathodic corrosion inhibitors are synthesized separatelyas powders with a relatively narrow particle size distribution. That is,the particles of the anodic and cathodic corrosion inhibitors may have asimilar particle size range so that the powders can be mixedhomogeneously within the carrier 32.

The composition of the corrosion inhibitor also affects the performance.The composition may be optimized based on the solubility of eachcorrosion-inhibiting component, and the solubility of any potentialcross-reaction product between the corrosion inhibitor components. Thecomposition relates to the reaction kinetics of anodic corrosion andcathodic corrosion. The composition optimization can be based on sampletesting.

In one embodiment, the MoO₄ ²⁻ deposited includes a Zinc molybdate(ZnMoO₄). The corrosion inhibitor is essentially free of active impurityion contamination, which may be brought in from metathesis reaction tosynthesize the corrosion inhibitor compounds. The impurity ions may bechlorides, nitrates, ammonium ions, sodium ions that may adsorb on thecorrosion inhibitor particle surface. The active Na⁺ ions concentration,in one embodiment, is lower than 1% in the corrosion inhibitor drypowder.

With reference to FIG. 3, the anodic corrosion inhibitors from differentsources have different fundamental physical properties such assolubility and solution pH. The corrosion inhibitors from differentsource have different levels of active impurity ions (FIG. 4). In otherwords, anodic corrosion inhibitors from different suppliers, ordifferent synthesis routes, have different performances when blendedwith the same amount of the same cathodic corrosion inhibitor.Particular zinc molybdate result in different performancecharacteristics as evidenced by the different solution pH.

With reference to FIG. 5, different cathodic corrosion inhibitors whencompounding with the same anodic corrosion inhibitor, have differentperformances in which a lower corrosion current indicates betterperformance. In other words, cerium citrates from different suppliers,or different synthesis routes, have different performance when blendedwith the same sourced zinc molybdate. With reference to FIG. 6, thedifferent anodic corrosion inhibitors, when compounding with the samecathodic corrosion inhibitor, increase performance at certaincomposition range (when greater than about 25% per weight of thecombined anodic and cathodic inhibitor). For example, 49.5+% and 37.5%per weight ZnMoO₄ in a blend have improved performance over 25% or 12.5%per weight ZnMoO₄ when blended with the same amount of cerous citrate(50% per weight of the total inhibitor formulation). In the aboveexamples the percentage balance in each inhibitor formulation is zincoxide (ZnO). Furthermore, 99+% per weight purity ZnMoO₄ is mosteffective and is sufficiently soluble.

As can be seen from the Figures, the additive of the present inventionis effective against corrosion and superior to commercially availablecorrosion inhibitors. Practical synthesis, manufacturing, andcompounding optimization thereby improve corrosion inhibitingperformance. The loading of the corrosion inhibitor powder in carriersthus may be reduced for sufficient corrosion protection. Lower loadingof the corrosion inhibiting pigment reduces cost, and reduces the impactto primer layer mechanical properties.

The use of the terms “a,” “an,” “the,” and similar references in thecontext of description (especially in the context of the followingclaims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural,unless otherwise indicated herein or specifically contradicted bycontext. The modifier “about” used in connection with a quantity isinclusive of the stated value and has the meaning dictated by thecontext (e.g., it includes the degree of error associated withmeasurement of the particular quantity). All ranges disclosed herein areinclusive of the endpoints, and the endpoints are independentlycombinable with each other. It should be appreciated that relativepositional terms such as “forward,” “aft,” “upper,” “lower,” “above,”“below,” and the like are with reference to normal operational attitudeand should not be considered otherwise limiting.

Although the different non-limiting embodiments have specificillustrated components, the embodiments of this invention are notlimited to those particular combinations. It is possible to use some ofthe components or features from any of the non-limiting embodiments incombination with features or components from any of the othernon-limiting embodiments.

It should be appreciated that like reference numerals identifycorresponding or similar elements throughout the several drawings. Itshould also be appreciated that although a particular componentarrangement is disclosed in the illustrated embodiment, otherarrangements will benefit herefrom.

Although particular step sequences are shown, described, and claimed, itshould be appreciated that steps may be performed in any order,separated or combined unless otherwise indicated and will still benefitfrom the present disclosure.

The foregoing description is exemplary rather than defined by thelimitations within. Various non-limiting embodiments are disclosedherein, however, one of ordinary skill in the art would recognize thatvarious modifications and variations in light of the above teachingswill fall within the scope of the appended claims. It is therefore to beappreciated that within the scope of the appended claims, the disclosuremay be practiced other than as specifically described. For that reasonthe appended claims should be studied to determine true scope andcontent.

What is claimed is:
 1. An article comprising: a metal substrate; and acerium based corrosion inhibiting additive on the metal substrate, thecorrosion inhibiting additive comprising an anodic corrosion inhibitorand a cathodic corrosion inhibitor, the anodic corrosion inhibitorgreater than about 25 wt % of the total inhibitor, wherein the anodiccorrosion inhibitor is at least 25 wt % ZnMoO₄.
 2. The corrosionresistant article as recited in claim 1, wherein the anodic corrosioninhibitor is at least 50 wt% ZnMoO₄.
 3. The corrosion resistant articleas recited in claim 1, wherein the anodic corrosion inhibitor is atleast 75 wt % ZnMoO₄.
 4. The corrosion resistant article as recited inclaim 1, wherein the anodic corrosion inhibitor is at least 99 wt %ZnMoO₄.
 5. The corrosion resistant article as recited in claim 1,wherein the cathodic corrosion inhibitor includes a Ce-Citrate.
 6. Amethod of selecting a corrosion-inhibiting substance, comprising:selecting a cerium-based corrosion-inhibiting composition based upon asolubility range, the corrosion inhibiting additive comprising an anodiccorrosion inhibitor and a cathodic corrosion inhibitor, the anodiccorrosion inhibitor greater than about 25 wt % of the total inhibitor,wherein the corrosion-inhibiting cerium based corrosion inhibitorsubstance includes an anodic corrosion inhibitor containing at least 25wt % ZnMoO₄.
 7. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein the solubilityrange is 0.01 mM to 20 mM.
 8. The method as recited in claim 6, whereinthe corrosion-inhibiting Cerium based corrosion inhibitor substanceincludes a cathodic corrosion inhibitor with a Ce-Citrate.
 9. A methodof selecting a corrosion-inhibiting substance, comprising: selecting acerium-based corrosion-inhibiting composition based upon a solubilityrange, the corrosion inhibiting additive comprising an anodic corrosioninhibitor and a cathodic corrosion inhibitor, the anodic corrosioninhibitor greater than about 25 wt % of the total inhibitor, wherein thecorrosion-inhibiting cerium based corrosion inhibitor substance includesa cathodic corrosion inhibitor with a Ce-Tartrate, or a Ce-Acetate. 10.The method as recited in claim 6, wherein the corrosion-inhibitingCerium based corrosion inhibitor substance includes active sodium ionsconcentration lower than 1% in the corrosion inhibitor dry powder. 11.The method as recited in claim 6, wherein the corrosion-inhibitingCerium based corrosion inhibitor substance includes anodic and cathodiccorrosion inhibitors synthesized separately as powders of a similarparticle size range so that the powders can be mixed homogeneously. 12.A corrosion-inhibiting composition comprising: a carrier fluid; acathodic corrosion inhibitor in the carrier fluid; and an anodiccorrosion inhibitor in the carrier fluid, the anodic corrosion inhibitorgreater than about 25 wt % of the total inhibitor.
 13. The compositionas recited in claim 12, wherein the carrier fluid comprises at least oneof water, alcohol, organic or inorganic solvent or dispersing fluid,primer, paint, adhesive, a coolant, or sealant.